Brain Tumors

Primary Brain Tumor

A primary brain tumor is one that begins in the brain. A primary brain tumor is frequently classified as "low grade" or "high grade." A low-grade tumor grows slowly, but it can progress to a high-grade tumor. A high-grade tumor is more likely to spread quickly.

Secondary Brain Tumor

A secondary brain tumor, also known as a brain metastasis, is a cancerous tumor that began in another part of the body and spread to the brain. Metastatic cancer is another term for a secondary brain tumor. For example, lung cancer that has spread to the brain is referred to as metastatic lung cancer.

Leptomeningeal metastases or neoplastic meningitis occur when cancer spreads to the meninges and CSF. People with leukemia, lymphoma, melanoma, breast cancer, or lung cancer are more likely to develop this condition.

Types of Brain Tumors

There are over 120 different types of brain tumors, lesions, and cysts, which are distinguished by where they occur and the type of cells they contain. Certain tumors are usually benign (noncancerous), whereas others are usually malignant (cancerous). Others have a 50/50 chance of developing cancer.

Some of the tumors listed below may develop from bone or other types of tissues outside the brain and are referred to as "skull base tumors." However, because of their proximity to the brain, they are likely to affect brain structures, which is why they are included on this list.

Meningioma

The most common primary brain tumor, accounting for more than 30% of all brain tumors, is meningioma. Meningiomas develop in the meninges, which are the three outer layers of tissue that cover and protect the brain just beneath the skull. Meningiomas are diagnosed more frequently in women than in men. Meningiomas are noncancerous, slow-growing tumors that account for approximately 85% of all cases. Although almost all meningiomas are benign, some can be persistent and recur after treatment.

Pituitary Adenoma

The most common type of pituitary tumors is an adenoma, which is a tumors that grows in the gland tissues. Pituitary adenomas develop from the pituitary gland and grow slowly. Adenomas account for about 10% of all primary brain tumors. They have the potential to cause vision and endocrinological issues. Adenomas, fortunately for patients, are benign and treatable with surgery and/or medication.

Craniopharyngioma

These benign tumors can appear as solid tumors or cysts and grow near the pituitary gland. Craniopharyngiomas frequently press on nerves, blood vessels, or brain tissue surrounding the pituitary gland. They, like adenomas, can cause vision and endocrinological problems. They typically affect children, teenagers, and adults over the age of 50.

Schwannoma

Acoustic neuromas (vestibular schwannomas) are slow-growing, benign tumors of the nerve connecting the ear to the brain. Acoustic neuromas account for less than 8% of all primary brain tumors. They typically appear in middle-aged adults, grow on the nerve sheath (the covering that surrounds the nerve fibres), and frequently cause hearing loss. Schwannomas can also cause damage to the trigeminal nerve. These are known as trigeminal schwannomas, and they can cause facial pain. They are much less common than vestibular schwannomas.

Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma

Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, also known as juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, is a benign nasal skull base tumor that is typically diagnosed in adolescent boys. It is the most common benign tumors of the nasopharynx (the space between the nose and the mouth at the back of the nose). It spreads to the nose and causes symptoms such as congestion and nosebleeds.

Choroid Plexus Tumor

Choroid plexus tumors are uncommon tumors that develop in the choroid plexus, the part of the brain that produces cerebrospinal fluid within its ventricles. Approximately 90% of these tumors are benign. They are most common in children under the age of two and can lead to hydrocephalus, or a buildup of cerebrospinal fluid, as they grow. This can cause increased pressure on the brain and skull enlargement. Choroid plexus carcinoma is a rare malignant type of choroid plexus tumor.

Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor

This is a neuronal-glial brain tumor, which means it is made up of both neurons and supporting cells. Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors are uncommon benign tumors that develop in the tissues that cover the brain and spinal cord. These tumors, which are most commonly found in children and teenagers, can cause seizures. Gangliogliomas, gangliocytomas, and rosette-forming tumors are examples of neuronal-glial brain tumors.

Neurofibroma

Neurofibromas are painless, benign tumors that can grow on nerves anywhere in the body. These soft, fleshy growths can form in the brain, on cranial nerves, or on the spinal cord in some cases. Multiple neurofibromas are a manifestation of the genetic disorder neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).

Hemangioblastoma

Hemangioblastomas are benign blood vessel tumors that can form in the brain. These tumors are frequently surgically removed. They can appear in multiple locations and be symptoms of a hereditary disease called Von Hippel-Lindau. If this is the case, various tests and consultations with a specialist, such as an ophthalmologist or geneticist, may be advised.

Chondroma

Chondromas are very rare benign cartilage tumors. They can form in the cartilage of the skull base and the paranasal sinuses, but they can also form in other parts of the body, such as the hands and feet. Chondromas are most common in patients between the ages of 10 and 30. While these tumors grow slowly, they can eventually fracture the bone or grow too large, putting pressure on the brain.

Giant Cell Tumor

Giant cell tumors, so named because of their extremely large cells, are rare bone tumors that typically affect the leg and arm bones. They could also be discovered in the skull. The majority of giant cell tumors are benign and affect patients between the ages of 20 and 40.

Osteoma

Osteomas are benign bone tumors (new bone growth) that typically develop on the base of the skull and facial bones. In most cases, these slow-growing tumors do not cause any symptoms. Large osteomas, on the other hand, may cause breathing, vision, or hearing problems if they grow in specific areas of the brain.

Glioma

Glioma is a common type of brain tumor that can occasionally be found in the spinal cord. Gliomas account for approximately 33% of all brain tumors. These tumors develop from glial cells, which surround and support neurons. Because there are numerous types of glial cells, there are numerous types of gliomas, including:

Tumors of the Endometrium

Ependymal tumors develop from the lining of the ventricles or the spinal cord's central canal. They are uncommon and can occur in any part of the brain or spinal cord.

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Hemangiopericytoma

Hemangiopericytomas are rare blood vessel-involved skull base tumors. While the majority of hemangiopericytomas are found in the soft tissues of the legs, pelvic area, head, and neck, some can also be found in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. These tumors can be benign or cancerous.

Germ Cell Tumors

Germ cells in an embryo or foetus usually develop into eggs (in the female) or sperm (in the male) during normal development. However, if germ cells travel to the brain by accident, they can develop into tumors. Germ cell tumors can be malignant or benign. Germinomas, embryonal carcinomas, Yolk sac tumors, and teratomas are all examples of germ cell tumors. They are most commonly diagnosed during puberty and affect boys more than girls.

Pineal Gland Tumors

Pineal tumors are tumors that appear in the pineal gland region. They are located deep within the brain and can cause hydrocephalus by obstructing the cerebrospinal fluid pathways. Pineocytomas, pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation, and pinealoblastomas are all different types of pineal tumors with distinct behaviours. Other tumors that can appear in the pineal region include gliomas, teratomas, and germ cell tumors. To look for markers that can aid in the diagnosis of a pineal tumour, a blood test or lumbar puncture may be recommended. In some cases, a biopsy surgery is recommended.

CyberknifeS7 Robotic radiotherapy (A non-invasive Treatment of Brain Tumor)

Patients treated with the CyberKnifeS7 today would have previously been considered untreatable with surgery or conventional radiation therapy in many cases. The CyberKnifeS7 is available in Valentis Cyberknife center Meerut.

CyberKnife S7 radiotherapy is a cutting-edge radiation treatment that precisely delivers a high dose of radiation to Tumors located anywhere in the body. It is called "robotic radiotherapy" because of its precision and it is a painless, non-invasive procedure. It is classified as stereotactic radiosurgery.

To precisely target a tumour, the CyberKnife device emits a narrow beam of radiation from a robotic arm that moves around the patient's body. The robotic arm automatically tracks and compensates for small movements using brain scans taken before and during the procedure. Throughout the procedure, a precise map of the tumor's location in the brain is constantly updated, allowing the patient to lie down normally on the treatment bed without anaesthesia. The robotic arm's flexibility also allows it to treat areas of the body that other radiosurgery techniques cannot, such as the spine and spinal cord.

CyberKnife radiosurgery treatments are typically divided into 1-5 daily sessions lasting 30-90 minutes each. The number and total dose of radiation treatment are determined by the tumor's size, location, and shape.

Brain Tumour